This paper applies corpus-based method to the investigation of the expedient origin and evolution of "嘛", which serves as modal particle and pronoun in Chinese. The differentiation of "嘛"and "å—" is rethought, which corrects the mistaken interpretations of "嘛" by Chinese linguists Lv Shuxiang, Shi Yuzhi and Huang Borong.
Marketing which should take the centre stage in the holistic development of the nation and the continent has continued to play a second fiddle with consequent loss of professionalism in marketing practice and in marketing education. This study grappled with the problem of lack of student’s motivation to learn rooting from sparse entrepreneurial, technical and vocational focus of the marketing curriculum. The objectives of the study are among other things to adapt an entrepreneurship marketing focused model, theories, strategies and concepts that can ameliorate the hiccups and absurdities of the present pedagogy; suggesting how National Institute of Marketing of Nigeria (NIMN) can assist to foster professionalism in marketing education and practice. The significance of this study is derived from the need for an improved and extended marketing education and practice suited to Nigerian’s volatile environment. A total sample size of 174 marketing graduates including professionals was used and both primary and secondary sources of data were exploited. Based on the findings, the problems perverting professionalism in marketing education and practice were made manifest in the emerging inadequacies particularly in curricula, facilities, and quality, technical, vocational and entrepreneurial maladies. The researchers have therefore recommended a review of the marketing curricula of the tertiary institutions and the adaptation of an Entrepreneurial Focused Tips demonstrated in this study as a leeway.
Empirical evidence suggests that the Taylor rule describing the interest rate setting behavior of four keyMENA central banks (Tunisia, Egypt, Jordon and Morocco) is non-linear. This is achieved using an empirical framework that allows for regime change over time or more specifically the time variance in the model parameters.
Using quarterly data from 2000:Q2 to 2014:Q3 to analyze the movement of nominal short-term interest rate of MENA central banks, we find strong evidence that the real decision-making process followed by these central banks varies from one central bank to another and that it exhibits nonlinearity. In particular, considerations about economic growth (for Morocco), inflation (for Jordon), stability of REER rate (in Egypt) and concerns about hitting the zero lower bound of the nominal interest rate (in the cases of Tunisia) seem to be the major drivers of such nonlinear pattern of monetary policy.
As many countries including Tanzania strive making export a primacy, competition in the global market is becoming severe hence necessitating countries to develop strategies to survive under such fierce trade war. One of the approaches to securing export competitiveness is country branding by developing export champion products. This paper explores how champion products are developed and their possible impacts. Guided by the discrete choice theory of product differentiation, the paper discusses successful champion products from a few selected countries. The study reveals that an export champion product must satisfy the following conditions: (i) it is a premium good (ii) it is unique to a particular country and difficult for other countries to copy (iii) it must be rooted in the culture and life of a particular country. Thus, an export champion product is born when these conditions are combined with proper response to foreign market demands. The study further reveals that export champion products promote the country’s image and better export. The paper concludes that, by adopting champion product as one of export promotion strategies can play indispensable role to enhance Tanzania’s image and help our products to enter in the premium market. The paper recommends that the government should adopt the concept of champion product and establish a champion product strategy as one of the key pillars toward implementation of the national trade policy for a competitive and export led economy. Additionally, a comprehensive research to identify resources with potentials to be developed to champion products is recommend.