VACCINATION STATUS OF CHILDREN IN UMUEBLE COMMUNITY IN RIVERS STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IT

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Yaguo Ide, L.E, Gabriel-Job N*, “VACCINATION STATUS OF CHILDREN IN UMUEBLE COMMUNITY IN RIVERS STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IT”, ijmhs, vol. 10, no. 01, pp. 789–799, Jan. 2020.
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Abstract

Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of our
time, it has saved millions of lives of under-five children globally and brought about a
reduction in the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases all over the world but
especially in sub-Saharan Africa and also in Nigeria. Despite all of these, vaccination of
children has remained low especially amongst the children that need it most. Aim; The
aim of this study was to determine the vaccination status of children at Umuebele
community and factors influencing it. Methods; This was a descriptive community-
based study carried out over a period of two months June-July 2019. Data was collected
using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire which was designed by
researchers, consisting of three sections. Information obtained included socio-
demographic characteristics, vaccination status and characteristics, reasons for not
completing immunisation, place of immunisation Results; There were 438 respondents,
mean age 31.96 ±5.626, most were aged 26-30years 150(34.2%), 437(99.8%) of the
respondents were married, only 1(.2%) had no formal education, while 340(77.6%) were
farmers. 270(61.6%) of the children were fully vaccinated. Twenty (4.6%) of the children
were not vaccinated at all. 391 (89.3%) of the children received their vaccination at the
health center. 8(1.8%) of the respondents did not own a vaccination card while BCG scar
could not be sighted in 73(16.7%) of the children. Twenty (11.9%) of the respondents did
not vaccinate their wards because they forbid vaccination, with PCV3 being the least
received vaccine 66.9% and BCG was the most received 93.8%. There was a statistically
significant relationship between vaccination status and respondents age, education and
place of vaccination P=.000,.001 and .000 respectively while sex of the children and
marital status did not significantly affect vaccination status P=.447 and P= .375
respectively In conclusions, vaccination status of children at umuebele community is still
low, improving universal primary education, and support routine vaccination at the
primary health care centers would impact positively on vaccination status and reduce
mortality and morbidity from vaccine preventable diseases.
Keywords: Vaccination status, children, community, immunisation

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References

1.Nicoll A, Elliman D, Begg NT. Immunisation: causes of failure and strategies and tactics for success. BMJ 1989; 299: 808-812. 2.World Health Organization. MediaCentre (ImmunisationCoverage). Availablefrom: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/. 3.Gust DA, Strine TW, Maurice E, Smith P, Yusuf H, Wilkinson M, et al. Under immunisation among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunisation status. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(1): e16-e22. 4.Miller MA, Sentz JT. (2006). Vaccine-preventable diseases. In Jamison DT,Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al.(Eds.), Disease and mortality in subSaharan Africa. 2nd ed. Washington(DC): World Bank. chapter 12. 5.Mapatano MA, Kayerbe K, Piripiri L, Nyandwe K. Immunisation- related knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.SA Fara Pract.2008;50(2):61 6.Sk MIK., Sk MF., Kurlikar PR, ChouraseM. Status and determinants of childimmunisation coverage in three SouthAsian countries, India, Bangladesh andNepal: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. Sri Lanka J. Child Heal. 2018;47: 56–63 7.World Health Organization (WHO)Global Vaccine Action Plan2011–2020.https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/en/. 8.UNICEF. The Big Picture. Available from: http://www.unicef. org/immunisation/index_bigpicture.html. 9.World Health Organization (WHO),“Progress towards measlescontrolinWHO’safricanregion,2001–2008,” Weekly EpidemiologicalRecord.2009; 39(84): 397–404. 10.UNICEF. Eliminating Measles, Rubella and Tetanus. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/immunisation/inde x_measles. html. 11.Ophori EA, Tula MY, Azih AV, Okojie R, Ikpo PE. Current Trends of Immunisation in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges Tropmedhealth.2014; 42 (2): 67–75 12.Nigerian NDHS1999 https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/nigeria-demographic-and-health-survey-1999 13.Nigerian, National Primary Health CareDevelopment Agency (NPHCDA), 2012https://nphcda.gov.ng/ 14.UNICEF. Eliminating Measles, Rubellaand Tetanus. Available from:http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_measles. html. 15.Russo G, Miglietta A, Pezzotti P,Biguioh RM, Bouting MG, Sobze MS, etal. Vaccine coverage and determinants ofincomplete vaccination in children aged12?23 months in Dschang, West region,Cameroon: A cross?sectional surveyduring a polio outbreak. BMC PublicHealth 2015; 15:630. 16.Nigerian NDHS2018 https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR359/FR359.pdf 17.Vonasek BJ, Bajunirwe F, Jacobson LE, Twesigye L, Dahm J, Grant MJ, et al. Do maternal knowledge and attitudes towards childhood immunisations in rural Uganda correlate with complete childhood vaccination? PLoS One 2016 Feb;11(2):e0150131. 18.National population commission ofNigeria and National Bureau of statisticshttps://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/ 19.Cochran W. G Sampling Technique(2nded) New York , USA,1963JohnWiley and Sons Inc 20.Tagbo BN Onwuasigwe C Missed immunisation opportunities among children in Enugu njp. 2005;32 (4) :73-76 21.Adefolalu OA, Kanma?Okafor OJ, Balogun MR. Maternal knowledge, attitude and compliance regarding immunisation of under five children in Primary Health Care centres in Ikorodu Local Government Area, Lagos State. Jcs. 2019 Jan-Mar; 16 (1): 7-14 22.Abdulraheem IS, Onajole AT, JimohAAG, Oladipo AR. Reasons forincomplete vaccination and factors formissed opportunities among ruralNigerian children. J. Public HealthEpidemiol. 2011 Apr;3(4):194-203 23.Odia OJ, Okafor I.P, Roberts A.A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Childhood Immunisation among Mothers of Under-Fives in Kosofe Local Council Development Area, Lagos State. jcmphc. 2008 Apr; 27 (1) : 55-63 24.Al-lela OQB, Bahari MB, Al Qazaz HK, Salih MRM, Jamshed SQ, Elkahmi RM Are parents knowledge and practice regarding immunisation related to pediatric immunisation compliance? Amixed method study BMC Pediatrics 2014;14(20): 2-7 25.Meleko A, Geremew M, Birhanu F Assessment of Child Immunisation Coverage and Associated Factors with Full Vaccination among Children Aged 12–23 Months at Mizan Aman Town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Int. J. Pediatr. 2017 ; Volume 2017, 1-11 26.UNICEF. National EPI Coverage Surveyin Somaliland. Jul2008. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/SOM_EPI-REPORT_WEB.pdf 27.Ba’amer A, Coverage of and barrier toroutine child vaccination in Mukalla district Hadramout governorate, Yemen. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 16(2):223-227 28.Perry H, Weierbach R, Hossain I, Islam RU,“Childhood immunisation coverage in zone 3 of Dhaka City: The challenge of reaching impoverished households in urban Bangladesh,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009; 565–573. 29.Mohammed M, Atomsa, A “Assessment of child immunisation coverage and associated factors in Oromia regional state,”Science, Sci. technol. arts Res. J. Jan-Mar 2013;2(1): 36-41

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References

1.Nicoll A, Elliman D, Begg NT. Immunisation: causes of failure and strategies and tactics for success. BMJ 1989; 299: 808-812.
2.World Health Organization. MediaCentre (ImmunisationCoverage). Availablefrom: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/.
3.Gust DA, Strine TW, Maurice E, Smith P, Yusuf H, Wilkinson M, et al. Under immunisation among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunisation status. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(1): e16-e22.
4.Miller MA, Sentz JT. (2006). Vaccine-preventable diseases. In Jamison DT,Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al.(Eds.), Disease and mortality in subSaharan Africa. 2nd ed. Washington(DC): World Bank. chapter 12.
5.Mapatano MA, Kayerbe K, Piripiri L, Nyandwe K. Immunisation- related knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.SA Fara Pract.2008;50(2):61
6.Sk MIK., Sk MF., Kurlikar PR, ChouraseM. Status and determinants of childimmunisation coverage in three SouthAsian countries, India, Bangladesh andNepal: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. Sri Lanka J. Child Heal. 2018;47: 56–63
7.World Health Organization (WHO)Global Vaccine Action Plan2011–2020.https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/en/.
8.UNICEF. The Big Picture. Available from: http://www.unicef. org/immunisation/index_bigpicture.html.
9.World Health Organization (WHO),“Progress towards measlescontrolinWHO’safricanregion,2001–2008,” Weekly EpidemiologicalRecord.2009; 39(84): 397–404.
10.UNICEF. Eliminating Measles, Rubella and Tetanus. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/immunisation/inde x_measles. html.
11.Ophori EA, Tula MY, Azih AV, Okojie R, Ikpo PE. Current Trends of Immunisation in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges Tropmedhealth.2014; 42 (2): 67–75
12.Nigerian NDHS1999 https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/nigeria-demographic-and-health-survey-1999
13.Nigerian, National Primary Health CareDevelopment Agency (NPHCDA), 2012https://nphcda.gov.ng/
14.UNICEF. Eliminating Measles, Rubellaand Tetanus. Available from:http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_measles. html.
15.Russo G, Miglietta A, Pezzotti P,Biguioh RM, Bouting MG, Sobze MS, etal. Vaccine coverage and determinants ofincomplete vaccination in children aged12?23 months in Dschang, West region,Cameroon: A cross?sectional surveyduring a polio outbreak. BMC PublicHealth 2015; 15:630.
16.Nigerian NDHS2018 https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR359/FR359.pdf
17.Vonasek BJ, Bajunirwe F, Jacobson LE, Twesigye L, Dahm J, Grant MJ, et al. Do maternal knowledge and attitudes towards childhood immunisations in rural Uganda correlate with complete childhood vaccination? PLoS One 2016 Feb;11(2):e0150131.
18.National population commission ofNigeria and National Bureau of statisticshttps://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/
19.Cochran W. G Sampling Technique(2nded) New York , USA,1963JohnWiley and Sons Inc
20.Tagbo BN Onwuasigwe C Missed immunisation opportunities among children in Enugu njp. 2005;32 (4) :73-76
21.Adefolalu OA, Kanma?Okafor OJ, Balogun MR. Maternal knowledge, attitude and compliance regarding immunisation of under five children in Primary Health Care centres in Ikorodu Local Government Area, Lagos State. Jcs. 2019 Jan-Mar; 16 (1): 7-14
22.Abdulraheem IS, Onajole AT, JimohAAG, Oladipo AR. Reasons forincomplete vaccination and factors formissed opportunities among ruralNigerian children. J. Public HealthEpidemiol. 2011 Apr;3(4):194-203
23.Odia OJ, Okafor I.P, Roberts A.A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Childhood Immunisation among Mothers of Under-Fives in Kosofe Local Council Development Area, Lagos State. jcmphc. 2008 Apr; 27 (1) : 55-63
24.Al-lela OQB, Bahari MB, Al Qazaz HK, Salih MRM, Jamshed SQ, Elkahmi RM Are parents knowledge and practice regarding immunisation related to pediatric immunisation compliance? Amixed method study BMC Pediatrics 2014;14(20): 2-7
25.Meleko A, Geremew M, Birhanu F Assessment of Child Immunisation Coverage and Associated Factors with Full Vaccination among Children Aged 12–23 Months at Mizan Aman Town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Int. J. Pediatr. 2017 ; Volume 2017, 1-11
26.UNICEF. National EPI Coverage Surveyin Somaliland. Jul2008. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/SOM_EPI-REPORT_WEB.pdf
27.Ba’amer A, Coverage of and barrier toroutine child vaccination in Mukalla
district Hadramout governorate, Yemen. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 16(2):223-227
28.Perry H, Weierbach R, Hossain I, Islam RU,“Childhood immunisation coverage in zone 3 of Dhaka City: The challenge of reaching impoverished households in urban Bangladesh,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009; 565–573.
29.Mohammed M, Atomsa, A “Assessment of child immunisation coverage and associated factors in Oromia regional state,”Science, Sci. technol. arts Res. J. Jan-Mar 2013;2(1): 36-41

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