Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer
and the fourth most lethal cancer among other malignancy around the world. Carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) is one of the most common tumor marker used in CRC
for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response. Several studies reported correlation
between CEA level and the clinical stage of CRC. The determination of clinical stage
has an important role in management planning of CRC. Determination of the CRC
clinical stage using Computed Tomography (CT) scan demonstrates good sensitivity
and specivicity rates.
Objective : To review the correlation between CEA level and the stage of CRC using
CT scan.
Methods : This study was of retrospective observational analytic study with cross
sectional design. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from available
medical records and the data were analyzed statisticaly using Spearman test.
Results: There were 40 subjects, 24 were men (60%) and 16 women (40%). The
average age of the patients was 55,0210,84 and ranged from 28 to 79 year old. The
highest average CEA level was found in stage IV with a value of 351.26 + 833.65 ng/ml
and the lowest average CEA level was in stage I with a value of 1.53 + 2.04 ng/ml.
The results of the statistical test with Spearman gave a p value of 0.0001 (p <0.05)
and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.588 showed a significant correlation between CEA
level with clinical stage with a positive correlation direction and moderate correlation
strength.
Conclusions : There is a significant correlation between CEA level with clinical stage
of colorectal carcinoma using CT scan examination in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General
Hospital.
Key words: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–clinical stadium–colorectal
carcinoma–Computed Tomography (CT) scan.

Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer
and the fourth most lethal cancer among other malignancy around the world. Carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) is one of the most common tumor marker used in CRC
for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response. Several studies reported correlation
between CEA level and the clinical stage of CRC. The determination of clinical stage
has an important role in management planning of CRC. Determination of the CRC
clinical stage using Computed Tomography (CT) scan demonstrates good sensitivity
and specivicity rates.
Objective : To review the correlation between CEA level and the stage of CRC using
CT scan.
Methods : This study was of retrospective observational analytic study with cross
sectional design. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from available
medical records and the data were analyzed statisticaly using Spearman test.
Results: There were 40 subjects, 24 were men (60%) and 16 women (40%). The
average age of the patients was 55,0210,84 and ranged from 28 to 79 year old. The
highest average CEA level was found in stage IV with a value of 351.26 + 833.65 ng/ml
and the lowest average CEA level was in stage I with a value of 1.53 + 2.04 ng/ml.
The results of the statistical test with Spearman gave a p value of 0.0001 (p <0.05)
and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.588 showed a significant correlation between CEA
level with clinical stage with a positive correlation direction and moderate correlation
strength.
Conclusions : There is a significant correlation between CEA level with clinical stage
of colorectal carcinoma using CT scan examination in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General
Hospital.
Key words: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–clinical stadium–colorectal
carcinoma–Computed Tomography (CT) scan.

Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer
and the fourth most lethal cancer among other malignancy around the world. Carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) is one of the most common tumor marker used in CRC
for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response. Several studies reported correlation
between CEA level and the clinical stage of CRC. The determination of clinical stage
has an important role in management planning of CRC. Determination of the CRC
clinical stage using Computed Tomography (CT) scan demonstrates good sensitivity
and specivicity rates.
Objective : To review the correlation between CEA level and the stage of CRC using
CT scan.
Methods : This study was of retrospective observational analytic study with cross
sectional design. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from available
medical records and the data were analyzed statisticaly using Spearman test.
Results: There were 40 subjects, 24 were men (60%) and 16 women (40%). The
average age of the patients was 55,0210,84 and ranged from 28 to 79 year old. The
highest average CEA level was found in stage IV with a value of 351.26 + 833.65 ng/ml
and the lowest average CEA level was in stage I with a value of 1.53 + 2.04 ng/ml.
The results of the statistical test with Spearman gave a p value of 0.0001 (p <0.05)
and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.588 showed a significant correlation between CEA
level with clinical stage with a positive correlation direction and moderate correlation
strength.
Conclusions : There is a significant correlation between CEA level with clinical stage
of colorectal carcinoma using CT scan examination in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General
Hospital.
Key words: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–clinical stadium–colorectal
carcinoma–Computed Tomography (CT) scan.

Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer
and the fourth most lethal cancer among other malignancy around the world. Carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) is one of the most common tumor marker used in CRC
for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response. Several studies reported correlation
between CEA level and the clinical stage of CRC. The determination of clinical stage
has an important role in management planning of CRC. Determination of the CRC
clinical stage using Computed Tomography (CT) scan demonstrates good sensitivity
and specivicity rates.
Objective : To review the correlation between CEA level and the stage of CRC using
CT scan.
Methods : This study was of retrospective observational analytic study with cross
sectional design. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from available
medical records and the data were analyzed statisticaly using Spearman test.
Results: There were 40 subjects, 24 were men (60%) and 16 women (40%). The
average age of the patients was 55,0210,84 and ranged from 28 to 79 year old. The
highest average CEA level was found in stage IV with a value of 351.26 + 833.65 ng/ml
and the lowest average CEA level was in stage I with a value of 1.53 + 2.04 ng/ml.
The results of the statistical test with Spearman gave a p value of 0.0001 (p <0.05)
and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.588 showed a significant correlation between CEA
level with clinical stage with a positive correlation direction and moderate correlation
strength.
Conclusions : There is a significant correlation between CEA level with clinical stage
of colorectal carcinoma using CT scan examination in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General
Hospital.
Key words: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–clinical stadium–colorectal
carcinoma–Computed Tomography (CT) scan.

Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of our
time, it has saved millions of lives of under-five children globally and brought about a
reduction in the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases all over the world but
especially in sub-Saharan Africa and also in Nigeria. Despite all of these, vaccination of
children has remained low especially amongst the children that need it most. Aim; The
aim of this study was to determine the vaccination status of children at Umuebele
community and factors influencing it. Methods; This was a descriptive community-
based study carried out over a period of two months June-July 2019. Data was collected
using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire which was designed by
researchers, consisting of three sections. Information obtained included socio-
demographic characteristics, vaccination status and characteristics, reasons for not
completing immunisation, place of immunisation Results; There were 438 respondents,
mean age 31.96 ±5.626, most were aged 26-30years 150(34.2%), 437(99.8%) of the
respondents were married, only 1(.2%) had no formal education, while 340(77.6%) were
farmers. 270(61.6%) of the children were fully vaccinated. Twenty (4.6%) of the children
were not vaccinated at all. 391 (89.3%) of the children received their vaccination at the
health center. 8(1.8%) of the respondents did not own a vaccination card while BCG scar
could not be sighted in 73(16.7%) of the children. Twenty (11.9%) of the respondents did
not vaccinate their wards because they forbid vaccination, with PCV3 being the least
received vaccine 66.9% and BCG was the most received 93.8%. There was a statistically
significant relationship between vaccination status and respondents age, education and
place of vaccination P=.000,.001 and .000 respectively while sex of the children and
marital status did not significantly affect vaccination status P=.447 and P= .375
respectively In conclusions, vaccination status of children at umuebele community is still
low, improving universal primary education, and support routine vaccination at the
primary health care centers would impact positively on vaccination status and reduce
mortality and morbidity from vaccine preventable diseases.
Keywords: Vaccination status, children, community, immunisation

This paper describes the management of a 65 years old male patient
transferred to the palliative care ward from the Intensive Care Unit, with
brain metastasis and infarction admission, epilepsy, neurological dysfunction,
cognitive impairment and a history of previous delirium episodes. We
discuss four delirium assessment methods and possible collaborative
multidisciplinary approaches to manage persistent delirium in palliative care
patients.1.Agar M, Alici Y, and Breitbart (2015)W.17.5 Delirium. In In Oxford Textbook
of Palliative Medicine 5th edition. Cherny N, Fallon M, Kaasa S, Portenoy R, Currow D. Oxford University Press . pp 1092-1100
2.Hosker CM and Bennet MI. Delirium andagitation at the end of life. BMJ2016;353:i3085 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i3085
3.Cherny N, Fallon M, Kaasa S, PortenoyR, Currow D. Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine 5th edition. Oxford.Oxford University Press. 2015
4.Ryan K, Leonard M, Guerin S, et al.Validation of the confusion assessmentmethod in the palliative care setting.Palliat Med 2009;23(1):40-5
5.Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Simel DL,et al. Does this patient have delirium?: