Dental caries is among the most prevalent health problems of young children. The main objective of the study was to estimate dental caries prevalence among Sudanese preschool children .Three hundred and forty two Sudanese children aged 3-5 years  selected using a multistage sampling technique, from kindergartens in different areas of Khartoum state. clinical examination for dental caries were conducted by single examiner using WHO criteria .Early childhood caries (ECC) was diagnosed when the child had two or more dmf (diseased, missed and filled) maxillary incisor teeth. The chi-square test and two-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis with the level of significance of P<0.05. The results showed that 35.4% of the children examined were caries- free, while 64.6% had caries .Mean dmft was 3.53. However 17.0% of the children had early childhood caries. Socio-economical status of the kindergarten, gender and educational level of the parents did not show a significant relationship with dental caries, While age of children had a significant effect P<0.05.   In conclusion, there was marked increase in the dmft (3.53) among Sudanese preschool children. 35.4% were caries free. The prevalence of dental caries increased significantly with age. There is an urgent need for oral health programs targeted at the treatment and prevention of dental caries in preschool children.
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