Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Introduction- Contact dermatitis is particularly prevalent in hospital employees doing wet work, such as surgeons, nurses, laboratory, staff, cleaners and kitchen staff.Two types of allergy are recognized: type I or immediate hypersensitivity, leading to anaphylaxis, and type IV hypersensitivity, leading to contact dermatitis.

Aim & Objectives- a)—  To assess the relationship between of history positive and  patch test positive.b) To evaluate the relationship between duration of occupation and patch test positivity.

Material &Method -54 employees were enrolled from AVBRH during period of August 2011 to August 2012 after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. It is an Interventional study.We used Indian battery for patch testing – Systopic Laboratories Pvt. Ltd with 20 standardized test substances comprising of the most common allergens or allergen mixes selected in accordance with the recommendations of International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) was used for patch test.

Results-Patch test was positive in 24.07% subjects.Patch test and history positive in 53.84% patients out of 13. Negative history but patch test was positive in 46.15%. Positive history but patch test was negative in 30.76%.there is no relationship between duration of occupation and positivity of patch test (p=0.4590 ( NS , p<0.05) ,sensitivity=21.95% ,specificity =66.67% , PPV = 69.23% , NPV=20% & Accuracy= 31.48% ; Fisher’s Exact test was used for statistical analysis. There was significant relationship between history positive and positive patch test  p=0.002 (S, p<0.05) , Sensitivity = 63.64%, specificity= 86.05% , PPV=53.85%,NPV= 90.24% & Accuracy= 81.48% Fisher’s Exact test used for analysis.

Conclusion: There is no relationship between duration of occupation and positivity of patch test. If patient is sensitive to any antigen irrespective to duration of exposure, patch test is positive.

Dental caries is among the most prevalent health problems of young children. The main objective of the study was to estimate dental caries prevalence among Sudanese preschool children .Three hundred and forty two Sudanese children aged 3-5 years   selected using a multistage sampling technique, from kindergartens in different areas of Khartoum state. clinical examination for dental caries were conducted by single examiner using WHO criteria .Early childhood caries (ECC) was diagnosed when the child had two or more dmf (diseased, missed and filled) maxillary incisor teeth. The chi-square test and two-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis with the level of significance of P<0.05. The results showed that 35.4% of the children examined were caries- free, while 64.6% had caries .Mean dmft was 3.53. However 17.0% of the children had early childhood caries. Socio-economical status of the kindergarten, gender and educational level of the parents did not show a significant relationship with dental caries, While age of children had a significant effect P<0.05.    In conclusion, there was marked increase in the dmft (3.53) among Sudanese preschool children. 35.4% were caries free. The prevalence of dental caries increased significantly with age. There is an urgent need for oral health programs targeted at the treatment and prevention of dental caries in preschool children.

The major blood supply to long bones occurs through the nutrient arteries, which enter through the nutrient foramina. This supply is essential during the growing period, during the early phases of ossification, and in procedures such as bone grafts, tumor resections, traumas, congenital pseudoarthrosis, and in transplant techniques in orthopaedics. The present study analyzed the position and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 101 adult femur bones. The majority of nutrient foramina in femur are double in number and dominant in size, which may represent a double source of blood supply. The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on middle third of diaphysis. 57.32% of the nutrient foramina of the femur are located mainly around the linea aspera. The mean foraminal index is 56.72%. This study recorded data related to the population of Rohilkhand region (U.P.), India, providing ethnic data to be used for comparison and that may help in surgical procedures and in the interpretation of radiological images.

Community- associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has received considerable attention in recent years as one of the important cause of infections among individuals in the community who do not have risk factors for MRSA infections such as hospitalization or prolonged contact with the medical system.