Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threatening condition. Diagnosis is frequently missed and should be considered in any woman in the reproductive age group presenting with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. Aims: To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment and morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of case histories of patients admitted with ectopic pregnancy at Government Lady Goshen Hospital, Mangalore was done. The following parameters: age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, clinical presentation, need for blood transfusion and findings on ultra-sonogram and at surgery and morbidity associated with ectopic pregnancy were noted. Results: A total of 31 cases of ectopic pregnancy were operated giving the incidence of ectopic pregnancy of 5.6/1000 deliveries. The commonest risk factors present were history of abortion (29 %), history of tubal surgery (9.6%), infertility (3.2%) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (3.2%).The commonest symptoms were  abdominal pain (80.6%), amenorrhea (77.4%) and abnormal vaginal bleeding (61.3%); and commonest signs were abdominal tenderness (64.5%), cervical excitation (51.6%)  and adnexal tenderness (48.4%). Surgery by open method in the form of salpingectomy (90.3%), salpingo-oophorectomy (6.5%) and salpingostomy (3.2%) were the mainstay of management. Morbidity included anemia (41.9%), blood transfusion (54.8%) and wound infection (32.2%). No maternal mortality noted. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, identifying of underlying risk factors and timely intervention in the form of conservative or surgical treatment will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.

Dandy Walker Syndrome is rare congenital malformation of the brain occurring in one in every 30,000 births.It is characterized by a classical neuropathological triad consisting of hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus.We report a 7 year female child diagnosed as Dandy Walker Syndrome at four months of age, presented with excessive crying, irritability, delayed milestones and increase in the size of the head. She was operated at 6 months of age for VP shunt surgery, as the symptoms recurred; she was posted for revision of VP shunt surgery in our institution.As the case was anticipated as a difficult airway due to the large size of the head and inadequate neck extension which made airway management challenging in this patient.Hence, careful evaluation of airway anatomy, appropriate positioning and airway management intra operatively were essential to anaesthetize a patient afflicted with Dandy Walker Syndrome.A rare syndrome posing considerable airway challenge, managed successfully.

Objective:

 a} To study Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and reproductive tract infections (RTI) in patients attending STI clinic

B} To study prevalence of HIV and associated risk factors in these patients

Study Setting: STI clinic of district hospital Unnao 

Study Period: one year six month.

Study design: Cross sectional.

 Results: Prevalence of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) in the district hospital Unnao is slightly different in male and female. In male urethral  discharge is most common followed by scrotal swelling, genital ulcers and others while in female vaginal discharge followed by lower abdominal pain, genital ulcers and others.

 

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives: Primary infertility is a common, preventable but neglected reproductive health problem in developing countries like India. Considering the escalating incidence and its potentiality to create serious psychosocial complication the present study was undertaken in an attempt to find out some risk factors pertaining to female primary infertility.

Methods: An Age, residence matched case-control study was conducted in two infertility clinics. A 240 cases and controls were selected at random.Data was collected using a constructed questionnaire including socio-demographic data. Gynecological history, questions about polycystic ovarian disease, endometriosis, fibroid, irregularity in menstrual cycle and intake of Oral Contraceptive Pills.

Results:Evidence shown in this study allows the author to conclude that the significant risk factors for primary infertility among females are higher education, age at marriage >25, postponement of child bearing for ≥1 year, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, irregular menstrual pattern, endometriosis, STI and age at menarche >14 years.

Conclusion: Medical case studies, escalating incidence as well as the rising number of infertility clinics in urban areas of the country are pointing to the fact that infertility is becoming a health challenge in the country. We hope as treatment of infertility is expensive for the families especially in developing countries, identifying the risk factors can be of great help to prevent infertility in many females.

Keywords: Primary Infertility, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, obesity, female 

The  practice  of  yoga  and  pranayama  is  a gift  of  our  Indian  culture.  Only  recently  we  have  begun  to  understand  the  vast  potentials  and  health  benefits  of  it.  In  order  to  find  out  the  scientific  explainations  of  Pranayama,  the  study  was  undertaken.  The  efficacy  of  short  term  Pranayama  on Audio-visual  reaction  time( AVRT )  was   assessed  in  the  present  study.  The  study  included  25  healthy  volunteers  of  either  gender  between  age  group  30-50  years.  The  subjects  were  given  daily  Pranayama  practice  for  continuous  one  month. Audio-visual  reaction  time  was  determined  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end  of  the  session.  The  study  showed  significant  change  in  the  Audio-visual  reaction  time.  It  showed  a  decrease  in  Audio-visual  reaction  time  which  indicates  increase  in  alertness. The  study  concluded  that  Pranayama  can  augment  the  higher  functions  of  central  nervous  system.