Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: There is limited data regarding the prevalence of thyroid disorders in elderly from India.

Methods: All subjects aged ≥ 60 years, who underwent estimation of thyroid function tests (TFTs) on their first visit to the hospital from 2009-2013 were included in the study.

Results: A total of 1479 subjects (males-671, females-808), aged between 60-94 (Mean 69.02 SD: 7.21) years, were studied. Thyroid disorders were present in 13.99% of subjects. The prevalence rate of thyroid disorders was higher in females (14.73%) than males (13.11%) and in those aged ≥ 70 years [14.74%] than subjects in the age group of 60-69 years [13.57%]. Overt hypothyroidism (OH) was the commonest (5.81%) disorder followed by Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in 5.54% subjects. Majority (90.69%) of cases OH were of primary hypothyroidism. The hyperthyroidism was prevalent in 1.76% followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) in 0.88% of subjects. All disorders were common in males than females; OH and hyperthyroidism were common in those aged ≥70 years and SCH and SH were common in age group of 60-69 years.

Conclusions: The thyroid disorders are common in elderly subjects; affecting about ~ 14 % in study population. The OH was the commonest thyroid function disorder, followed by SCH, hyperthyroidism and SH with prevalence rates of 5.81, 5.54, 1.76 and 0.88% respectively; all were more common in females than males. The OH and hyperthyroidism showed an increasing trend with age; both in males and females.

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a serious public health problem. In India there is very little systemic research in ADHD in children. The aim of this study was to identify ADHD among school going children in a part of rural India. Method: 1147 school students representing the rural population of India were screened by Vanderbilt Attention Deficit Hyperactive Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale (VADTRS).Results: 3.66 %( n=42 students) of the sample had ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this was one of the first studies to find out prevalence of ADHD in rural India. There is an important need for research on ADHD.

Maternal complications in repeat cesarean section are increasing with the rising rate of cesarean section in the world. The aim of this study to evaluate intra-operative maternal complications of previous one and two cesarean section. It needs to the highlight for proper antenatal care and complication can be anticipated during surgery.

Objective:

To determine the frequency of intra-operative maternal complications among women undergoing repeated Caesarean section at Isra University hospital, Hyderabad.

Material and methods:

STUDY DESIGN:

Cross-sectional

SETTING:

The study was conducted obstetric and gynecology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad.

DURATION OF STUDY:

The study was of six months and the study process was carried out from 15th Agust 2011 to 15th February 2012.

SAMPLE SIZE: 280 cases

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE: 

Non probability, purposive sampling

SAMPLE SELECTION:

Inclusion criteria: All the pregnant women with history of previous one and previous to caesarean section availing obstetric and gynecology facilities at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad Women regardless of any age group.  

Exclusion criteria:

•          Pregnant women with no history of caesarean section

•          Pregnant women who refused to participate in the study

RESULTS:     

The mean + SD age was found to be 29.94 + 5.03 years; The maximum age of participants in this study was 45 years while the minimum age was 17 years. The age distribution of study participants was normally distributed. Regarding intra-operative complications, the prevalence of Adhesion is very high and alarming i.e. 97.5% among pregnant women undergoing repeated Caesarean section delivery.  The prevalence of uterine scar dehiscence was not very high and it was confined to 17.9% in our study. The prevalence of difficult delivery of fetus a maternal complication was around 12% in our sample. The prevalence of excessive blood loss as an Intra-operative maternal complication was found to be 19% in our study. The prevalence of Caesarean Hysterectomy as an Intra-operative maternal complication was very minimum i.e.  <2% in our sample. With regard to the association of age with intra-operative complication Adhesion among study participants, there was no difference in the mean age of two groups as evidenced by p-value of 0.103. Moreover, there was no association between age with intra-operative complication uterine scar dehiscence as evidenced by p-value of 0.837. Interestingly no association was observed between previous history of Caesarean section with intra-operative complication Adhesion among study participants. There was a significant association between previous history of Caesarean section and uterine scar dehiscence in our study.

Conclusion:

The present research makes a strong case that the prevalence of intra-operative complications among pregnant women undergoing repeated Caesarean section is not uncommon at Isra University hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan. This issue can have serious implications for maternal mortality and morbidity. Multiple cesarean deliveries are associated with one of the intra-operative complications “Uterine scar dehiscence”. The risk of major complications increases with cesarean delivery number.

 Routine dissection of the abdomen of a 63 year old male cadaver in the Dept. of Anatomy Hi- tech medical college Rourkela., revealed the presence of a rudimentary ectopic right kidney fused to the lower pole of the left, with multiple aberrant renal arteries .The ureters were normal, the left kidney (upper) had a normal pelvis while the right (lower) had an extrarenal pelvis (extra calyx). The two ureters entered the bladder normally, Right side showed empty renal fossa with an intact adrenal gland. The possible embryological causes of this anomaly have been discussed here. Even though this type of condition can be presents as a silent renal anomaly (it can be undiagnosed throughout life and revealed through autopsy or dissection) the surgical implications are noteworthy,which too have been highlighted in this report.