Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Closing Gaps in Medical journalisms From Mass Media to Peer-reviewed publications

Eighteen (18) male albino rats were used to determine the glycemic indices of flour and starch component of two varieties, each, of maize and millet grains. The flour was obtained by milling the grains while the starch components were extracted from the grains using the method of Signh and Sadh (2009). Steeping, grinding, sieving and several rounds of centrifugation were carried out to obtain the starch component. The rats were administered with alloxan monohydrate (120mg/Kg body weight) to induce diabetes in them. After a twelve hour fast, fasting blood samples were collected by tail tipping and blood glucose analysed. The animals were then fed within fifteen minutes with test feed and further blood samples collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes from the commencement of feeding and analysed for blood glucose level using portable active accu-check glucometer. Two rats were fed with anhydrous glucose used as refernece feed. The area under the curve (AUC) for all the test and reference feeds were calculated by plotting the graph of blood glucose level in mg/dL against time in minutes. The glycemic indices were calculated by dividing the AUC of the test feed by that of the reference feed and multiplying by 100. The flour components of both the maize and the millet varieties gave lower glycemic index (maize sammez-11 flour gave G.I. of 66.88±1.44 while maize sammez-14 flour gave G.I. of 64.56±3.70. The flour components of finger millet flour gave G.I of 69.61±3.59 and that of pearl millet gave G.I. of 56.54±2.39) than their starch components (maize sammez-11 starch gave G.I. of 82.29±8.68, maize sammez-14 gave G.I of 79.25±2.03, finger millet starch gave G.I of 74.17±4.98 while pearl millet starch gave G.I. of 62.58±3.25). Pearl millet flour gave the lowest glycemic index (56.54±2.39) while sammez-11 maize starch gave the highest glyceimic index (82.29±8.68). In conclusion, cereal starches such as maize starch and millet starch are better consumed in their natural whole form.

As life expectancy has increased all over the world, the burden of health related issues with growing age is now a day’s great challenge for the families. With advance age health problems are more visible like cardiac problem, behavioral changes like anger, agitation and neurological in competencies as dementia are very commonly seen which prone families to hire private nurses for long term care of elderly. Private nursing care is cheaper than hospital care and also easily accessible. But due to lack of adequate professional training, most of private nurses are unable understand the basic needs of elderly. Furthermore, lack of supervision from agencies providing private nurses are major contributors of below standard nursing care provision. As result, lack adequate formal and professional schooling system for private care nurses prone elderly to behavioral changes including agitation, irritability and unusual anger. Background: Health systems are undergoing rapid change and the requirements for conforming to the new challenges of changing demographics, disease patterns, emerging and reemerging diseases coupled with rising costs of health care delivery have forced (2) individual and families to find out different options to overcome the burden of health care related challenges. For long term care need, one option is to opt for home health nursing care which is cheaper as compared to hospitals. For example, it would be quite expensive to keep quadriplegic (all limbs paralysis) patient in hospital for rehabilitation care or an elderly patient who don’t have any family member at home to look after care needs. As longitivity have been increased one can predict the burden of care needs to elderly at homes. World Bank (2016) reported that Pakistan is the sixth most populated country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 in south Asia where the life expectancy has increased up to 66.48 year with compared to India (68.56 years) and Bangladesh (72.49 years).