Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: In 2015, there were 1.13 billion individuals living with hypertension
around the globe. The predominance of hypertension worldwide is of about 40%. In
Saudi Arabia, it reached 3.2% among those aged between 15-24 years, 51.2% among
those aged 55-64 years and up to 70% among those aged 65 years and more. Hypertension
causes 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total deaths every year. Adherence
to medication is essential for maintaining life for hypertensive patients.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to hypertension medications
and to determine factors affecting the compliance of hypertensive patients to
their antihypertensive drugs.
Methods: we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Riyadh city population,
Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted during the period from December
2018 to January 2019. The participants were selected by random sampling. Sampling
included the different geographical areas of the city. The total sample included
216 subjects, all of which were approached to obtain the desired sample size. A selfadministered
questionnaire about hypertension and complications was filled by the
participants.
Results: in this study, participants classified to three groups according to age: less
than 40 years old from 40 to 65 years old and 65 years old or above. Male and female
groups contributed to 72.2% and 27.8% respectively. The majority of participants
had secondary education (55.6%) and about 33.3% were at least university level. The
majority of participants with hypertension were on one medication prescribed for the
treatment of their high blood pressure and the majority of participants (66.7%) were
poorly compliant to their hypertension medication.
Conclusion: more attention is needed on preventive educational programs that focus
on awareness and assessment of the hypertension medications adherence, complications
of hypertension, and the danger of poor control of it.
Key words: Hypertension–adherence–control–perception

Background: In 2015, there were 1.13 billion individuals living with hypertension
around the globe. The predominance of hypertension worldwide is of about 40%. In
Saudi Arabia, it reached 3.2% among those aged between 15-24 years, 51.2% among
those aged 55-64 years and up to 70% among those aged 65 years and more. Hypertension
causes 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total deaths every year. Adherence
to medication is essential for maintaining life for hypertensive patients.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to hypertension medications
and to determine factors affecting the compliance of hypertensive patients to
their antihypertensive drugs.
Methods: we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Riyadh city population,
Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted during the period from December
2018 to January 2019. The participants were selected by random sampling. Sampling
included the different geographical areas of the city. The total sample included
216 subjects, all of which were approached to obtain the desired sample size. A selfadministered
questionnaire about hypertension and complications was filled by the
participants.
Results: in this study, participants classified to three groups according to age: less
than 40 years old from 40 to 65 years old and 65 years old or above. Male and female
groups contributed to 72.2% and 27.8% respectively. The majority of participants
had secondary education (55.6%) and about 33.3% were at least university level. The
majority of participants with hypertension were on one medication prescribed for the
treatment of their high blood pressure and the majority of participants (66.7%) were
poorly compliant to their hypertension medication.
Conclusion: more attention is needed on preventive educational programs that focus
on awareness and assessment of the hypertension medications adherence, complications
of hypertension, and the danger of poor control of it.
Key words: Hypertension–adherence–control–perception

Background: In 2015, there were 1.13 billion individuals living with hypertension
around the globe. The predominance of hypertension worldwide is of about 40%. In
Saudi Arabia, it reached 3.2% among those aged between 15-24 years, 51.2% among
those aged 55-64 years and up to 70% among those aged 65 years and more. Hypertension
causes 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total deaths every year. Adherence
to medication is essential for maintaining life for hypertensive patients.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to hypertension medications
and to determine factors affecting the compliance of hypertensive patients to
their antihypertensive drugs.
Methods: we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Riyadh city population,
Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted during the period from December
2018 to January 2019. The participants were selected by random sampling. Sampling
included the different geographical areas of the city. The total sample included
216 subjects, all of which were approached to obtain the desired sample size. A selfadministered
questionnaire about hypertension and complications was filled by the
participants.
Results: in this study, participants classified to three groups according to age: less
than 40 years old from 40 to 65 years old and 65 years old or above. Male and female
groups contributed to 72.2% and 27.8% respectively. The majority of participants
had secondary education (55.6%) and about 33.3% were at least university level. The
majority of participants with hypertension were on one medication prescribed for the
treatment of their high blood pressure and the majority of participants (66.7%) were
poorly compliant to their hypertension medication.
Conclusion: more attention is needed on preventive educational programs that focus
on awareness and assessment of the hypertension medications adherence, complications
of hypertension, and the danger of poor control of it.
Key words: Hypertension–adherence–control–perception

BACKGROUND: Maternal hemorrhage during cesarean sections can often be
identified and managed surgically with use of the B-Lynch compression suture, and
O’Leary (bilateral uterine artery ligation) stitch. Residents may improve their performance
of these procedures using a technical skills checklist with global rating scale.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of a technical skills checklist for
the B-Lynch Suture and O’Leary Stitch using a surgical model.
METHODS: Two blinded evaluators reviewed the recordings of 52 obstetrics/
gynecology residents and 25 attending physicians performing the simulated BLynch
and O’Leary Stitch using a felt uterus model from March 1 2017 to August 31,
2017. The evaluators completed task-specific OSATS and global rating scales (GRS)
for the two simulations. Interrater reliability and construct validity were assessed.
RESULTS: Interrater reliability was 97% for task-specific OSATS (task specific
checklist, TSC) and exceeded 98% for GRS. For construct validity regarding B-Lynch
simulation, attending physicians and senior residents scored higher than junior and
new residents; TSC (15.04 and 15.12, respectively vs. 5.63 and 3.38); GRS B-Lynch
(22.38 and 19.35, respectively vs. 8.85 and 6.75. For the O’ Leary simulation, senior
residents and attending physicians scored higher than junior and new resident on TSC
(15.20 and 13.65, respectively, vs. 11.54 and 2.83). Similar findings noted for O’Leary
GRS (23.76 and 21.32 vs. 14.89 and 6.83).
CONCLUSION: There was good interrater reliability and construct validity using a
task-specific OSATS for B-Lynch and O’Leary Stitch. This instrument shows promise
as a tool for competency-based evaluations.
Key words: Assessment of skills for postpartum hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Maternal hemorrhage during cesarean sections can often be
identified and managed surgically with use of the B-Lynch compression suture, and
O’Leary (bilateral uterine artery ligation) stitch. Residents may improve their performance
of these procedures using a technical skills checklist with global rating scale.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of a technical skills checklist for
the B-Lynch Suture and O’Leary Stitch using a surgical model.
METHODS: Two blinded evaluators reviewed the recordings of 52 obstetrics/
gynecology residents and 25 attending physicians performing the simulated BLynch
and O’Leary Stitch using a felt uterus model from March 1 2017 to August 31,
2017. The evaluators completed task-specific OSATS and global rating scales (GRS)
for the two simulations. Interrater reliability and construct validity were assessed.
RESULTS: Interrater reliability was 97% for task-specific OSATS (task specific
checklist, TSC) and exceeded 98% for GRS. For construct validity regarding B-Lynch
simulation, attending physicians and senior residents scored higher than junior and
new residents; TSC (15.04 and 15.12, respectively vs. 5.63 and 3.38); GRS B-Lynch
(22.38 and 19.35, respectively vs. 8.85 and 6.75. For the O’ Leary simulation, senior
residents and attending physicians scored higher than junior and new resident on TSC
(15.20 and 13.65, respectively, vs. 11.54 and 2.83). Similar findings noted for O’Leary
GRS (23.76 and 21.32 vs. 14.89 and 6.83).
CONCLUSION: There was good interrater reliability and construct validity using a
task-specific OSATS for B-Lynch and O’Leary Stitch. This instrument shows promise
as a tool for competency-based evaluations.
Key words: Assessment of skills for postpartum hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Maternal hemorrhage during cesarean sections can often be
identified and managed surgically with use of the B-Lynch compression suture, and
O’Leary (bilateral uterine artery ligation) stitch. Residents may improve their performance
of these procedures using a technical skills checklist with global rating scale.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of a technical skills checklist for
the B-Lynch Suture and O’Leary Stitch using a surgical model.
METHODS: Two blinded evaluators reviewed the recordings of 52 obstetrics/
gynecology residents and 25 attending physicians performing the simulated BLynch
and O’Leary Stitch using a felt uterus model from March 1 2017 to August 31,
2017. The evaluators completed task-specific OSATS and global rating scales (GRS)
for the two simulations. Interrater reliability and construct validity were assessed.
RESULTS: Interrater reliability was 97% for task-specific OSATS (task specific
checklist, TSC) and exceeded 98% for GRS. For construct validity regarding B-Lynch
simulation, attending physicians and senior residents scored higher than junior and
new residents; TSC (15.04 and 15.12, respectively vs. 5.63 and 3.38); GRS B-Lynch
(22.38 and 19.35, respectively vs. 8.85 and 6.75. For the O’ Leary simulation, senior
residents and attending physicians scored higher than junior and new resident on TSC
(15.20 and 13.65, respectively, vs. 11.54 and 2.83). Similar findings noted for O’Leary
GRS (23.76 and 21.32 vs. 14.89 and 6.83).
CONCLUSION: There was good interrater reliability and construct validity using a
task-specific OSATS for B-Lynch and O’Leary Stitch. This instrument shows promise
as a tool for competency-based evaluations.
Key words: Assessment of skills for postpartum hemorrhage

The study aims to research on the effectiveness of recreational sports club for students
of An Giang University - An Giang province, Vietnam. The study was conducted
through some methods, namely integrated research and relevant literature reviews,
experts interview, modeling, pedagogical, medical and psychological examinations,
pedagogical experiments and statistical mathematics. The author has demonstrated
the effectiveness of recreational sport club model with specific, scientific and logical
results.
Key words: Model–Recreational sport club–An Giang University

The study aims to research on the effectiveness of recreational sports club for students
of An Giang University - An Giang province, Vietnam. The study was conducted
through some methods, namely integrated research and relevant literature reviews,
experts interview, modeling, pedagogical, medical and psychological examinations,
pedagogical experiments and statistical mathematics. The author has demonstrated
the effectiveness of recreational sport club model with specific, scientific and logical
results.
Key words: Model–Recreational sport club–An Giang University

The study aims to research on the effectiveness of recreational sports club for students
of An Giang University - An Giang province, Vietnam. The study was conducted
through some methods, namely integrated research and relevant literature reviews,
experts interview, modeling, pedagogical, medical and psychological examinations,
pedagogical experiments and statistical mathematics. The author has demonstrated
the effectiveness of recreational sport club model with specific, scientific and logical
results.
Key words: Model–Recreational sport club–An Giang University

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for one of the common cause of hospital visits and therefore determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens will help guide physicians to choice the best choice of antibiotics to affected patients. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriological agent causing the urinary tract infection and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics.

Methods: Our study was hospital based prospective study in which patients suspected of UTI were admitted and urine sample were collected using ‘urinary catheter’ method in patients less than 3 years of age, while for older children ‘mid stream clean catch’ method was used. Cultures were bacteriologically analyzed using standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for the isolated pathogens.
Results: 208 patients with suspected UTI were included in study, out of 208 patients, urine cultures were taken from all patients, 38 cultures (18.2%) were reported as positive. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 27 (71%), Klebsiella Species 6 (15%), Enterococcussps 3(7.8%), Proteus sps 1(2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1(2.6%). E. coli and Klebsiella showed the highest percentage of resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin (100%) however, all isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella were susceptible to Nitofurantoin. Among all UTI isolates, least resistance was observed against drugs such as ceftriaxone, cefixime ciproflaxacilin and gentamicin.

Conclusion: The finding of our study showed that E. Coli was the most common uropathogen and there was high resistance to routinely used drugs in clinical practice. So it high time to change the empirical therapy from conventional drugs like ampicillin and amoxicillin to drugs like nitrofurantoin or ciprofloxacilin.

Keywords: Urinary tract infection, urine culture, antibiotic susceptibility.

Turner syndrome, a chromosomal anomaly with loss of all or part of one sex chromosome,
has an incidence of 1/ 2500 female live births. Clinical signs like lymphoedema during
infancy, or short stature and delayed puberty are common reasons to screen for Turner
syndrome. Ovarian failure occurs in almost all affected females. We present a 15 year
old girl who presented with short stature and delayed puberty. Her mother remembered
she noticed swelling of both hands and feet during infancy but made no meaning of it.
Patient’s weight and height were below the 3rd percentile and had no secondary sexual
characteristics at presentation. Patient’s karyotype (45, XO) confirmed the diagnosis.
She had low serum estradiol, small uterus and atretic ovaries. Puberty was stimulated
with Primarin for 2 years during which she gained 3kg in weight, 4cm in height and
breast development from Tanner stage 1 to 4. Clinicians need to look out for common
clinical signs of Turner syndrome for early diagnosis, referral and management of
affected children for optimal growth and development.
Key words: Turner syndrome–adolescent–neglected–short stature

Turner syndrome, a chromosomal anomaly with loss of all or part of one sex chromosome,
has an incidence of 1/ 2500 female live births. Clinical signs like lymphoedema during
infancy, or short stature and delayed puberty are common reasons to screen for Turner
syndrome. Ovarian failure occurs in almost all affected females. We present a 15 year
old girl who presented with short stature and delayed puberty. Her mother remembered
she noticed swelling of both hands and feet during infancy but made no meaning of it.
Patient’s weight and height were below the 3rd percentile and had no secondary sexual
characteristics at presentation. Patient’s karyotype (45, XO) confirmed the diagnosis.
She had low serum estradiol, small uterus and atretic ovaries. Puberty was stimulated
with Primarin for 2 years during which she gained 3kg in weight, 4cm in height and
breast development from Tanner stage 1 to 4. Clinicians need to look out for common
clinical signs of Turner syndrome for early diagnosis, referral and management of
affected children for optimal growth and development.
Key words: Turner syndrome–adolescent–neglected–short stature

Turner syndrome, a chromosomal anomaly with loss of all or part of one sex chromosome,
has an incidence of 1/ 2500 female live births. Clinical signs like lymphoedema during
infancy, or short stature and delayed puberty are common reasons to screen for Turner
syndrome. Ovarian failure occurs in almost all affected females. We present a 15 year
old girl who presented with short stature and delayed puberty. Her mother remembered
she noticed swelling of both hands and feet during infancy but made no meaning of it.
Patient’s weight and height were below the 3rd percentile and had no secondary sexual
characteristics at presentation. Patient’s karyotype (45, XO) confirmed the diagnosis.
She had low serum estradiol, small uterus and atretic ovaries. Puberty was stimulated
with Primarin for 2 years during which she gained 3kg in weight, 4cm in height and
breast development from Tanner stage 1 to 4. Clinicians need to look out for common
clinical signs of Turner syndrome for early diagnosis, referral and management of
affected children for optimal growth and development.
Key words: Turner syndrome–adolescent–neglected–short stature