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This study intends to analyze the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study was to investigate the impact of government expenditure on components of consumption, health, defence and agriculture. Using panel data covering the period 1995-2010, the study applied the Hausman test  and verified results through the Fixed effects method. The findings were that agriculture and defence expenditure had a negative impact on economic growth while health and consumption expenditure had a positive impact on economic growth.  Based on the summary of these findings, recommendations were prescribed to aid in wise policy choices.
Key words: Public expenditure, economic growth, agriculture, health, consumption and defence.
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ntroduction:
Considering the comprehensive and pervasive role of organizations in societies, social justice has become one of the key issues in organizational environments. One of the latent and consequential factors of facilitation of organizational justice is staff members’ level of organizational commitment.
Aim
The present study surveys the relationships between various dimensions of organizational justice with organizational commitment and job satisfaction of staff members of a Medical Sciences University.
Methods
This cross-sectional observational study included all eligible staff members (tenured, contractual, clausal and projectional employees) of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. 263 staff members were eligible and agreed to undertake the survey. Demographic characteristics, perceived organizational justice (Rego and Kanha scale), and organizational commitment (Meyer and Allen questionnaire) and job satisfaction (Saneie scale) were collected. Validity and reliability of research methodology is measured through utilization of Content Validity Index (CVI) and internal consistency procedure respectively.
Findings
Organizational justice, organization commitment, and job satisfaction were all positively correlated. There were positive and significant correlations between job satisfaction and organizational justice (0.001>p, 0.4<r) and organizational commitment and organizational justice (0.05>p, 0.2>r). Also Multiple linear regression analysis showed that All three part of organizational justice can explain only 26 percent of the changes in organizational satisfaction(R2=0.26) and Only organizational procedural justice can explain only 3.3 precent of the changes in organizational Commitment(R2=0.033).
Conclusion
Considering the research findings, it is proposed that in order to facilitate the level of organizational commitment, occupational circumstances such as educational facilities should be utilized. With such utilizations, functional and mental efficiency of staff members will be improved and the sense of high level job efficiency is generated against any possible regret for choosing the particular organization.
Pakistan is one of those developing countries in which law and order and security issues are the major problems. Economic conditions are not ideal due to which many firms are doing merger and acquisition to improve their financial performance. Our research study has tried to measure the affect of these merger and acquisitions on the financial performance of the banks in Pakistan. The main objective is to check whether merger and acquisition in banks of Pakistan has increased their performance or not. Merger and acquisition is the independent variable whereas financial performance is the dependent variable. Financial performance is determined through liquidity ratios (DTA, CTA), profitability ratios (ROA, ROE) and solvency ratios (D/E, DR). Data is collected from annual reports of the banks. Only those banks are included which are listed in the Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. Our results showed that performance of mostly banks increased after merger and acquisition but it is not true for all the banks which reveals that banks should consider more information and detailed analysis should be done before doing merger and acquisition in Pakistan. Results of this research would also help to different stakeholders like researchers, investors, creditors, employees, bankers etc in understanding the importance of merger and acquisitions.