Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Attainment and control of anchorage is fundamental and critical in orthodontics. Anchorage control throughout the orthodontic treatment is essential for uncompromised results. Conventional means of supporting anchorage have been using either tooth borne anchorage or extra oral anchorage. Tooth borne anchorage is one of the greatest limitations of modern orthodontic treatment because tooth moves in response to forces.  Extra oral anchorage can be used to supplement tooth borne anchorage, but requires excellent patient co-operation. Skeletal anchorage would offer tooth movement in any direction without detrimental reciprocal forces and simultaneously solving the problem of patient compliance. They expand the range of biochemical possibilities and orthodontic forces might be applied directly to the jaws through skeletal anchorage. In this case report, we are explaining an approach for skeletal Class I bialveolar protrusion, with microimplant anchorage used for retracting the maxillary anterior teeth.

Objectives: To assess the availability of trained staffs and the logistic support to provide IMNCI services.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 14 PHCs, two from each block, one with the highest RCH indicator grading and another with the lowest RCH indicator grading. Data were collected by personal interview of medical officers. The information collected was about on staff availability, training, logistics.

Results: All medical officers were trained in IMNCI except one PHC. IMNCI registers were available at 86% of the PHCs, while chart booklets were available at 71% of the PHCs.The monthly reporting format, ORS packets, paracetamol, chloroquine were available at all PHCs while cotrimoxazole, iron (kid) & Vitamin A  were available at 79% ,86% and 57% of the PHCs respectively. The Inj. Gentamycin and Inj. Ampicillin were available only at 13(92.9%) and 11(78.6%) of the PHCs respectively.

Conclusion: All PHCs had more than 80% of health providers managing sick children trained in IMNCI. The availability of essential oral drugs, pre-referral injectable drugs, and essential equipment & materials are not optimal.

  The Thyroid gland, a highly vascular endocrine gland is composed of two lateral lobes, connected by a narrow median isthmus which gives H shaped appearance to the gland.A wide range of morphological and developmental variations of thyroid gland like hypoplasia, ectopic thyroid tissue, hemiagenesis or agenesis of thyroid gland has been reported. During routine midline dissection of neck in the department of anatomy, Agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland was noted.

  A number of studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more prone to develop microangiopathic complications. The patients of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 groups, based on the presence or absence of at least 2 out of 3 microangiopathic complications, namely, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy. Then the patient in each group (n=50) were subjected to tests for estimation of Zinc, Magnesium and Copper concentration in serum. Hypozincaemia was seen in all diabetic subjects, but the decrease in levels was more in the group with microangiopathic complications (81.16+24.34 vs. 92.01+20.17; p<0.05).  Hypomagnesaemia was also more significant in the group of patients with microangiopathic complications (1.64+0.67 vs. 2.09+0.56; p<0.001). Hypercupremia was seen in all the patients, but the increase in levels was more significant in the group with microangiopathic complications (140.64+33.61 vs. 116.77+26.22; p<0.001). Hypozincaemia and hypomagnesaemia in type 2 diabetes is said to be due to hyperglycaemia that promotes increased excretion of these trace elements in urine. The glycated proteins seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have an increased affinity for copper, leading to hypercupremia. This bound copper is redox active and leads to production of free radicals that cause oxidative stress which, plays some role in the development and progression of microangiopathic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 Acute ischemic stroke, a major subtype of acute stroke is one of the leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. At present, the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is mainly based on Computer Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This article is a critical and descriptive review on S100β protein as a biomarker  in acute ischemic stroke. We searched Pubmed database with key words or terms such as "S100β protein", ‘Acute ischemic stroke’ and the articles were analyzed for the results. S-100β level in plasma increase in response to the acute ischemic stroke. The plasma S-100β level increases significantly in acute ischemic stroke patients when compared to the normal subjects. Beside, the plasma S-100β can be significantly correlated to the volume of infarction in brain measured by plane CT scan. Plasma S-100β is an useful biomarker in acute ischemic stroke. It can be used for estimation of volume of infarction in brain in acute ischemic stroke patients. Thus, S-100β can be used as an alternative to CT scan/ MRI in diagnosis and in taking therapeutic decision in acute ischemic stroke management. 

                           Abstract

 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma  (PGCG)   also  called "Giant cell epulis" is the most common oral  giant cell lesion . It is a benign  inflammatory  hyperplastic  type of lesion of  unknown etiology occurring in gingiva or alveolar ridge. This lesion probably does not represent a true neoplasm but rather may be a reactive in nature, believed to be stimulated by local irritation or trauma but the cause is not certainly known. This article reports a case of peripheral giant cell granuloma  in  a  8 year old boy. The lesion was completely excised to the periosteum level and there is no residual or recurrent, swelling or bony defect apparent in the area of biopsy after a follow-up period of 6 months.  Excisional   biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia and tissue was examined   histopathologically. The lesion was diagnosed as PGCG   after   thorough   clinical, radiologic and  histopathologic  examination.

Keywords :   Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma/Giant cell epulis,

Objectives: Higher secondary school certificate examination is considered to be one of the most important year in an academic career. Excessive Stress during this year could results in increased prevalence of psychological problems like depression and anxiety. This could ultimately have negative impact on the outcome of the achievements. The objective of the current study is, to assess the stress and its association with various academic factors among students of higher secondary school from a rural area in Sangli district of Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods:  It is cross-sectional study, conducted among the students of a randomly selected higher secondary school from the rural area in Sangli district of Maharashtra, India. Sampling technique used in the study was stratified random sampling and calculated sample size. The study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. A pretested self administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. Analysis was done using percentage, chi-square test. Results: Among the 396 students participated in the study, 118 (30.2%) were positive for stress. Stress was observed in 69 (38.1%) female students and 49 (23.3%) male students; the association with gender was statistically significant. Association between stress and stream of education was not observed. Stress was significantly associated with depression and perceived academic stressors. Conclusion: Students from all the three fields are exposed to stress.  Academic stress is an important factor in development of stress. Introduction of stress management education in the curriculum can prove useful in dealing with the problem.