Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Introduction : Bacterial vaginosis is a condition characterized by an alteration of the vaginal ecology in which the normal flora, dominated by lactobacilli, is replaced by a mixed bacterial flora . The present study was designed to see the association of bacterial vaginosis with preterm labour and to analyse maternal and fetal complications associated with bacterial vaginosis.

Methods: Data of 200 randomly selected  obstetric patients who seeked care for delivery at the Obstetrical Units were retrospectively identified.Inclusion criteria were - women in preterm labour with or without any complain irrespective of age, parity with these findings – a) gestational age less than 37 weeks, b) regular uterine contractions  each lasting more than 40 seconds, c) cervical dilatation equal to or greater than 1 cm but less than 4 cm, d) intact amniotic membranes. These women were screened for bacterial vaginosis after taking written informed consent.

Results: The socioeconomic status was found be lower in BV positive patients . patients who were diagnosed to have bacterial vaginosis according to Amsel’s criteria was 31%.Proportion of LBW, Maternal & Neonatal Complications were more in BV Positive patients.

Conclusion : This study reveals the frequent association of bacterial vaginosis with preterm labour. Due to the fact that preterm deliveries represent significant burden of disease, even in the offspring, BV has to be treated intensively. A screening for BV during pregnancy is indispensable, and its treatment is logical and necessary.

Plumbago zeylanica L. is a herbaceous plant with glabrous stems that are climbing, prostrate, or erect. Plumbago zeylanica L. belongs to the species of Plumbago having family plumbaginaceae. Plumbago zeylanica L. contains plumbagin as major active/phytochemical constituents. This article reports the presence of Plumbago zeylanica L. at Gandhi Sagar wild life sanctuary, district mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India which is having some important medicinal agent used in the treatment of stubborn chronic rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases and tumerous growths as recommended by Ayurveda. It also finds its use in correcting chronic menstrual disorders, viral warts, chronic diseases of nervous system, cancer & obesity.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Gandhi Sagar, Plumbagin, Plumbago zeylanicac, Medicinal agent

Introduction : The present study was carried out with objectives to see the efficacy of rectal misoprostol in comparison to intramuscular oxytocin in prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in low risk patient.

Methods: Data of 400 randomly selected  obstetric patients who seeked care for delivery at the Obstetrical Units were retrospectively identified. Divided into two groups of A ( Rectal Misoprostol & B  of Oxytocin I.M.

Results: No statistical difference among baseline variables , mean duration of labour. The difference in mean blood loss between rectal misoprostol group and oxytocin group is statistically significant. Blood loss during third stage is found to be more in misoprostol group than oxytocin group.

Conclusion : It is observed that the misoprostol rectally is less effective than intramuscular oxytocin when used as prophylactic uterotonic during the active management of third stage of labour. Third stage blood loss found to be significantly more with misoprostol.

Hospital associated microbial infections occur when the patients receiving
health care treatment in health care settings and the symptoms
appear in 48 hours. Hospital associated microbial infections are caused
by medical devices and other infectious species which include staphylococcus
aureus, enterococci, klebsiella pneumonia, candida albicans,
clostridium difficile, pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause more health
care burden to the individual patients. The most commonly seen hospital
associated microbial infections are septicaemia, catheter associated
urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis,
surgical site of infections are adversely affect the patients health. The
prevention and management of hospital associated microbial infections
by strict disinfection of medical devices, and hospital environments,
detection and monitoring of infected patients, regular practice of hand
hygiene, safe disposal of contaminants, and consumption of good
nutrition food can prevent the complications of microbial infections in
the health care. An early amalgamation of clinical pharmacist services
with other health care team includes designing of new anti microbial
treatment guidelines, initiation of awareness programmes on infection
prevention and control, educating the health care professionals on
antimicrobial resistance control, regular monitoring of treatment of the
infected patients, and effective prescribing of antimicrobial drugs could
drastically improve the health related outcomes of infected patients.
Keywords: Microbial infections, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial
drugs, clinical pharmacist services, infection control

Hospital associated microbial infections occur when the patients receiving
health care treatment in health care settings and the symptoms
appear in 48 hours. Hospital associated microbial infections are caused
by medical devices and other infectious species which include staphylococcus
aureus, enterococci, klebsiella pneumonia, candida albicans,
clostridium difficile, pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause more health
care burden to the individual patients. The most commonly seen hospital
associated microbial infections are septicaemia, catheter associated
urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis,
surgical site of infections are adversely affect the patients health. The
prevention and management of hospital associated microbial infections
by strict disinfection of medical devices, and hospital environments,
detection and monitoring of infected patients, regular practice of hand
hygiene, safe disposal of contaminants, and consumption of good
nutrition food can prevent the complications of microbial infections in
the health care. An early amalgamation of clinical pharmacist services
with other health care team includes designing of new anti microbial
treatment guidelines, initiation of awareness programmes on infection
prevention and control, educating the health care professionals on
antimicrobial resistance control, regular monitoring of treatment of the
infected patients, and effective prescribing of antimicrobial drugs could
drastically improve the health related outcomes of infected patients.
Keywords: Microbial infections, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial
drugs, clinical pharmacist services, infection control

Hospital associated microbial infections occur when the patients receiving
health care treatment in health care settings and the symptoms
appear in 48 hours. Hospital associated microbial infections are caused
by medical devices and other infectious species which include staphylococcus
aureus, enterococci, klebsiella pneumonia, candida albicans,
clostridium difficile, pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause more health
care burden to the individual patients. The most commonly seen hospital
associated microbial infections are septicaemia, catheter associated
urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis,
surgical site of infections are adversely affect the patients health. The
prevention and management of hospital associated microbial infections
by strict disinfection of medical devices, and hospital environments,
detection and monitoring of infected patients, regular practice of hand
hygiene, safe disposal of contaminants, and consumption of good
nutrition food can prevent the complications of microbial infections in
the health care. An early amalgamation of clinical pharmacist services
with other health care team includes designing of new anti microbial
treatment guidelines, initiation of awareness programmes on infection
prevention and control, educating the health care professionals on
antimicrobial resistance control, regular monitoring of treatment of the
infected patients, and effective prescribing of antimicrobial drugs could
drastically improve the health related outcomes of infected patients.
Keywords: Microbial infections, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial
drugs, clinical pharmacist services, infection control

Hospital associated microbial infections occur when the patients receiving
health care treatment in health care settings and the symptoms
appear in 48 hours. Hospital associated microbial infections are caused
by medical devices and other infectious species which include staphylococcus
aureus, enterococci, klebsiella pneumonia, candida albicans,
clostridium difficile, pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause more health
care burden to the individual patients. The most commonly seen hospital
associated microbial infections are septicaemia, catheter associated
urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis,
surgical site of infections are adversely affect the patients health. The
prevention and management of hospital associated microbial infections
by strict disinfection of medical devices, and hospital environments,
detection and monitoring of infected patients, regular practice of hand
hygiene, safe disposal of contaminants, and consumption of good
nutrition food can prevent the complications of microbial infections in
the health care. An early amalgamation of clinical pharmacist services
with other health care team includes designing of new anti microbial
treatment guidelines, initiation of awareness programmes on infection
prevention and control, educating the health care professionals on
antimicrobial resistance control, regular monitoring of treatment of the
infected patients, and effective prescribing of antimicrobial drugs could
drastically improve the health related outcomes of infected patients.
Keywords: Microbial infections, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial
drugs, clinical pharmacist services, infection control

Introduction:-In laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) ,the gold standard for gallstone disease , cystic duct and artery are conventionaly secured with titanium clips. Intracorporeal knotting and  ligation is thought to be  superior to extra corporeal knotting²². Most of the laparoscopic surgeons using knotting for securing cystic duct and cystic artery perform separate individual  ligations of duct and artery.This is  technically demanding and time consuming. On the other hand  harmonic scalpel and ‘LigaSure’ are expensive and hence prohibitory for resource limited country like India^16,18. Methods:-We performed intracorporeal “single ligation of cystic artery and duct” with free silk sutures. From January 2016 to December  2018, we employed successfully performed  single ligation of cystic artery and duct (SLAD) with silk 1/0 in symptomatic cholelithiasis patients undergoing LC.The various parameters of SLAD were compared with another group of 100 cases of LC in which duct and artery were ligated individually. Out of 108 cases  included in this study undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy 80 (74.1%) were females¹⁶ .Average age of patients was 36 yr (12- 65yrs). We had bile leak in 2 cases and no other complications related to ligature. The average time taken for knotting was 7 minutes (varied from 3 to 11 minutes). In 7 cases, 5th port was needed  to grasp and secure the bleeding vessels. There were 12 (11.1%) acute calculus cholecystitis, 6(5.5%) mucocele,2(1.8%) empyema.We had no  gangrenous cholecystitis. Bile leak was encountered I 2 cases in both groups ,3 patients (2.7%) had inflammation of umbilical port which  healed in due course of ^{convalescence3,5,7,8}. All these parameters were compared with another group of LC with individual ligation of ducts and artery in tabulated form and overall results were similar. Conclusion:- intracorporeal single ligation of cystic artery and duct (SLAD) in LC is simple, safe and economical and can easily be practised. SLAD marginally  increases operative time that improves with practice as only single tie is used. Thus  no clip laparoscopic cholecystectomy (NCLC)by either method of ligation  eliminates the clip related complications of LC^6,9,10.

Keywords: Clips, cystic duct, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, ligation.

Abbreviations; LC=Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; GB=Gallblagger; SLAD=Single ligation of cystic artery and duct.NCLC= No clip laparoscopic cholecystectomy,NOTES= Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery